pTRAPs: Transmembrane adaptors in innate immune signaling

Adaptors and Molecular Scaffolds in Immune Cell Signaling

containing leukocyte protein of 76 kDa), BLNK (B cell linker protein)/SLP-65 (SH2 domain–containing leuko-cyte protein of 65 kDa), FYB (Fyn T-binding protein)/ SLAP (SLP-76-associated protein), SKAP55 (Src kinase– associated protein of 55 kDa), and the 3BP2 protein. Introduction Positive Adaptors in T Cells The antigen receptors on T and B lymphocytes (TCR and Following their activation by TCR ...

Integration of Innate Immune Signaling.

The last decades of research in innate immunology have revealed a multitude of sensing receptors that evaluate the presence of microorganisms or cellular damage in tissues. In the context of a complex tissue, many such sensing events occur simultaneously. Thus, the downstream pathways need to be integrated to launch an appropriate cellular response, to tailor the magnitude of the reaction to th...

MST kinases in innate immune signaling

The mammalian STE20-like (MST) protein kinases are composed of MST1, MST2, MST3, MST4 and YSK1. They play crucial roles in cell growth, migration, polarity and apoptosis. Dysfunction of these kinases often leads to diseases. MST kinases are extensively involved in development and function of immune system. Here, we review recent progresses on the regulatory function of MST kinases in innate imm...

Signaling in the innate immune response.

Nuclear Actions in Innate Immune Signaling

Innate immunity in plants and animals is mediated through pattern recognition receptors, which were thought to initiate signaling in the cytoplasm to activate defense pathways. Shen et al. (2006) and Burch-Smith et al. (2007) now provide compelling evidence that certain plant disease resistance proteins, which detect specific pathogenic effectors, act in the nucleus to trigger downstream signal...